Type Gene1 Effect Gene2 Sentence MedLine Reference Time of Interaction in evidence # of References territories of interaction Evidence for Direct Last author Journal Year














































Binding activin neutral bmp3 A role for a BMP ligand acting as a BMP antagonist has been reported for the more distantly related BMP3, which binds to the BMP and activin receptor ActRII without activating it, thus acting as a receptor inhibitor (Daluiski et al., 2001 and Gamer et al.

1





































urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:651:inout-urn:agi-go:0017002:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=16828077&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012-1606(06)00880-3








Binding activin neutral bmp2a In this study, we have exploited the well characterized model of Xenopus mesoderm induction to determine the intracellular interactions between BMP-2/4 and activin/BVg1 signaling cascades. 9409665:3
3





































urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:inout-urn:agi-go:0016915:


digtext:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=inwardhub&_urlversion=4&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=S1534580708001172&_referrer=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18477456?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPa...








Binding activin neutral bmp7 BMP-7 can interact with activin type I and type II receptors in addition to BMP-2/BMP-4 receptors ( 26 , 28 ). 9268344:10043
5




























Mus musculus







urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:655:inout-urn:agi-go:0016915:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17483092&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17483092








Regulation acvr1 positive bmp4 A constitutively active Alk8-TGFbeta-receptor can ectopically induce bmp2b and bmp4 and rescues the dorsalization of MZspg. 16775002:9
1





































urn:agi-Regulation:inout-urn:agi-llid:90:out-urn:agi-llid:652::positive












Expression acvr1 positive bmp2a Since Bmps act as negative regulators of chordin expression (Schulte-Merker et al., 1998), and CA and KM Alk8 affect the expression of bmps2b and -4, it is expected that chordin expression would also be affected.

2





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:90:out-urn:agi-llid:650::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=11165484&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925477300005414








Expression acvr1 negative bmp4 In contrast, KM Alk8 down regulates ventral bmp2b expression in shield stage embryos (data not shown).

2





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:90:out-urn:agi-llid:652::negative


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=11165484&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925477300005414








Expression acvr1 neutral bmp4 Together, these results show that Mrdr and alk8 strongly interact to positively regulate the onset of bmp2b/4 expression.

3





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:90:out-urn:agi-llid:652::unknown


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3494&itool=AbstractPlus-nondef&uid=12601179&db=pubmed&url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=12601179








Expression acvr1 positive bmp4 This indicates that pou2 acts upstream of Alk8, a maternally provided receptor implicated in the activation of zygotic bmp2b and bmp4 transcription. 16775002:10
16





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:90:out-urn:agi-llid:652::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=11165484&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925477300005414








Binding acvr1 neutral bmp7 OP-1 bound to ALK-2 and ALK-6 efficiently, and to ALK-3 less efficiently, whereas BMP-4 bound to ALK-3 and ALK-6 efficiently. 8006002:6
21




























Mus musculus



Curated

bone urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:90:inout-urn:agi-llid:655:


digtext:http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/128/6/849.pdf





url(http%3a//dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/128/6/849.pdf):pdf

Expression acvr1 positive bmp2b injected mRNA encoding a constitutively active version of Alk8 can rescue the strong dorsalization of bmp2b/swirl mutants. overexpression 4.66 mesendoderm blastoderm 2 Hammerschmidt, M. Development 2001














































Expression acvr1 positive bmp7 injected mRNA encoding a constitutively active version of Alk8 can rescue the strong dorsalization of bmp7/snailhouse mutants overexpression 4.66 mesendoderm blastoderm 2 Hammerschmidt, M. Development 2001














































Binding acvr2b neutral bmpr1a Moreover, ActRIIB can recruit both Alk4 for activin-like signaling and Alk3 for BMP-like signaling (Massague and Chen 2000 ). 3240211037
2

































Curated

egg urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:93:inout-urn:agi-llid:657:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17483092&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17483092








Binding acvr2b neutral bmp2a Consistent with previous observations on the Drosophila type II receptor, punt ( 56 ), we were unable to observe any binding of BMP-2 to ActRII (Fig. 7 A , lane 8 ) or ActRIIB (data not shown) when these receptors were expressed alone. 9872992:10251
5

































AGI interparalog


urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:93:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17483092&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17483092



6.9999



Regulation ascl1a unknown bmp2a During development of the autonomous nervous system of the mouse, expression of another vertebrate proneural genehomologue, Mash1 , has been proposed to depend on BMP2 signalling (Shah et al., 1996).

1





































urn:agi-Regulation:inout-urn:agi-llid:429:out-urn:agi-llid:650::unknown


digtext:http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/124/22/4557.pdf





url(http%3a//dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/124/22/4557.pdf):pdf

Binding bmp1a neutral bmp4 BMP1 Prodomain Sequences Specifically Bind BMP2/4 with High Affinity—To more closely explore the ability of BMP1 prodomain sequences to interact with TGF-?-like BMPs, BMP1 prodomain, free of other sequences other than a COOH-terminal His tag, was produced

1





































urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:inout-urn:agi-llid:649:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17255107&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17255107








Binding bmp1a neutral bmp4 BMP1 Prodomain Sequences Specifically Bind BMP2/4 with High Affinity—To more closely explore the ability of BMP1 prodomain sequences to interact with TGF-?-like BMPs, BMP1 prodomain, free of other sequences other than a COOH-terminal His tag, was produced

1





































urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:inout-urn:agi-llid:649:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17255107&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17255107








Binding bmp1a neutral bmp2a The copurification suggested that BMP-1 and BMP-2 might physically interact, leading to the idea that Tolloid might increase DPP activity by proteolytically processing DPP precursors ( Shimell et al., 1991 ; Childs and O'Connor, 1994 ; Finelli et al., 199 101000938:11026
2





































urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:inout-urn:agi-llid:649:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17255107&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17255107








Binding bmp1a neutral bmp2a The copurification suggested that BMP-1 and BMP-2 might physically interact, leading to the idea that Tolloid might increase DPP activity by proteolytically processing DPP precursors ( Shimell et al., 1991 ; Childs and O'Connor, 1994 ; Finelli et al., 199 101000938:11026
2





































urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:inout-urn:agi-llid:649:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17255107&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17255107








Regulation bmp1a negative chd Here we show that Xenopus BMP1 blocks the dorsalising activity of chordin, but not noggin or DeltaxBMPR, when coexpressed in the ventral marginal zone and degrades chordin protein in vitro. 10446267:1
5




























Mus musculus






mesoderm urn:agi-Regulation:inout-urn:agi-llid:649:out-urn:agi-llid:8646::negative


digtext:http://www.nature.com/ncb/journal/v8/n4/full/ncb0406-305.html








Expression bmp2a neutral fgf8a As bmp2 and bmp4 ventral expression never appaeared when fgf8a was overexpressed, this suggests that FGF-8 prevents the initiation of the expression of bmp2 and bmp4 in the ventral territory.

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:2253::unknown


digtext:http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/124/21/4253.pdf





url(http%3a//dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/124/21/4253.pdf):pdf

Binding bmp2a neutral msxd In mammals, Bmp2, Msx2, Sox9, Col2a1, Runx2 and Col1a1 interact in the developmental pathway leading from neural crest to cartilage and bone (Healy et al., 1999; Mori-Akiyama et al., 2003; Takahashi et al., 2001).

1





































urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:inout-urn:agi-llid:4488:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=15689370&db=pubmed&url=http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15689370








Expression bmp2a neutral myod1 It has been shown that embryonic expression of Xenopus MyoD or Myf5 requires a specific level of BMP signaling (Re'em-Kalma et al. 1995; Dosch et al. 1997), which is regulated by BMP2, bmp4, and BMP7 expressed in ventral regions of the embryo, and BMP ant

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:4654::unknown


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=9450925&db=pubmed&url=http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9450925








Binding bmp2a neutral sox9a In mammals, Bmp2, Msx2, Sox9, Col2a1, Runx2 and Col1a1 interact in the developmental pathway leading from neural crest to cartilage and bone (Healy et al., 1999; Mori-Akiyama et al., 2003; Takahashi et al., 2001).

1





































urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:6662:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=15689370&db=pubmed&url=http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15689370








Expression bmp2a neutral tbx2b It has been reported that BMP-2 regulated tbx2 expression, an endogenous inhibitor of cardiac differentiation, in the mouse developing hearts [9].

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:6909::unknown


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17367767&db=pubmed&url=http://cardiovascres.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17367767








Expression bmp2a positive tbx2b It has been reported that BMP-2 regulated tbx2 expression, an endogenous inhibitor of cardiac differentiation, in the mouse developing hearts [9].

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:6909::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17367767&db=pubmed&url=http://cardiovascres.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17367767








Binding bmp2a neutral col1a1 In mammals, Bmp2, Msx2, Sox9, Col2a1, Runx2 and Col1a1 interact in the developmental pathway leading from neural crest to cartilage and bone (Healy et al., 1999; Mori-Akiyama et al., 2003; Takahashi et al., 2001).

2

































AGI interparalog


urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:inout-urn:agi-llid:1277:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=15689370&db=pubmed&url=http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15689370



0.8900



Regulation bmp2a positive mef2a In cardiac precursor cells, BMP-2 has recently been shown to induce expression of cardiac transcription factors, including myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF-2A). 12663654:1
2




























Mus musculus







urn:agi-Regulation:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:4205::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17367767&db=pubmed&url=http://cardiovascres.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17367767








Expression bmp2a neutral myf5 It has been shown that embryonic expression of Xenopus MyoD or Myf5 requires a specific level of BMP signaling (Re'em-Kalma et al. 1995 ; Dosch et al. 1997 ), which is regulated by BMP2, bmp4, and BMP7 expressed in ventral regions of the embryo, and BMP a 9450925:10031
2




























Mus musculus







urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:4617::unknown


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=9450925&db=pubmed&url=http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9450925








Binding bmp2a neutral runx2a In mammals, Bmp2, Msx2, Sox9, Col2a1, Runx2 and Col1a1 interact in the developmental pathway leading from neural crest to cartilage and bone (Healy et al., 1999; Mori-Akiyama et al., 2003; Takahashi et al., 2001).

2

































AGI interparalog


urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:860:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=15689370&db=pubmed&url=http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15689370



0.9400



Expression bmp2a positive zic1 To address the question whether BMP2 signalling affects the extent of zic1 expression, we analysed swirl and chordino mutant embryos. 10415355:1
2




































egg urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:7545::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=10415355&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925-4773(99)00044-1








Binding bmp2a neutral col2a1a In mammals, Bmp2, Msx2, Sox9, Col2a1, Runx2 and Col1a1 interact in the developmental pathway leading from neural crest to cartilage and bone (Healy et al., 1999; Mori-Akiyama et al., 2003; Takahashi et al., 2001). 10085302
3

































Entrez Gene


urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:inout-urn:agi-llid:1280:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=15689370&db=pubmed&url=http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15689370



0.9200



Expression bmp2a positive gata5 In chicken embryos, Bmp2 that is located medially to the heart-forming region induced the expression of Nkx2-5 and Gata4/5/6, whereas repression of Bmp signaling by Noggin-expressing cells, which are implanted in precardiac mesoderm, abolished Nkx2-5 and

3





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:140628::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3494&itool=AbstractPlus-nondef&uid=18000065&db=pubmed&url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=18000065








Expression bmp2a positive gata6 In chicken embryos, Bmp2 that is located medially to the heart-forming region induced the expression of Nkx2-5 and Gata4/5/6, whereas repression of Bmp signaling by Noggin-expressing cells, which are implanted in precardiac mesoderm, abolished Nkx2-5 and

3





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:2627::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3494&itool=AbstractPlus-nondef&uid=18000065&db=pubmed&url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=18000065








Expression bmp2a positive mef2a In cardiac precursor cells, BMP-2 has recently been shown to induce expression of cardiac transcription factors, including myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF-2A). 12663654:1
3




























Mus musculus







urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:4205::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17367767&db=pubmed&url=http://cardiovascres.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17367767








Expression bmp2a positive wnt3l Moreover, BMP-2 enhanced Wntl and Wnt3a expression in our cells. 14584895:12
3




























Mus musculus






mesenchyma urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:89780::positive












Expression bmp2a positive admp When ventral BMP2/4/7 signals are depleted, admp expression increases, allowing for self-regulation. 16360041:4
4




































egg urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:165679::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=11784095&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012160601904944








Expression bmp2a negative bmp4 In contrast to the situation in Xenopus, where BMP2/4/7 are provided maternally and may create a default state, the delayed zygotic initiation of ubiquitous bmp2b/4/7 expression in the zebrafish embryo could be interpreted as a ventral default setting of

4





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:652::negative


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3494&itool=AbstractPlus-nondef&uid=12682283&db=pubmed&url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=12682283








Expression bmp2a positive gata4 Initially, BMPs (especially BMP-2 and/or BMP-4) transactivate the expression of two major cardiac-specific transcription factors, Csx/Nkx-2.5 and GATA-4. 10490646:10269
4




























Mus musculus







urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:2626::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3494&itool=AbstractPlus-nondef&uid=18000065&db=pubmed&url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=18000065








Binding bmp2a neutral twsg1a Based on previous findings that vertebrate TSG, Chordin, and BMP-2/4 form a ternary complex ( 24 ? 26 ) and on the present finding that mouse TSG binds only heparin in the presence of Chordin and/or BMP-2/4, we suggest that establishment of high local con 15381701:10271
4




























Mus musculus






bone urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:inout-urn:agi-llid:57045:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17483092&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17483092








Expression bmp2a positive wnt We examined BMP-2-dependent expression of Wnt and its receptor frizzled in normal human keratinocytes. 16442268:2
4




























Mus musculus






egg urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-go:0042813::positive












Expression bmp2a negative bmp4 In contrast to the situation in Xenopus, where BMP2/4/7 are provided maternally and may create a default state, the delayed zygotic initiation of ubiquitous bmp2b/4/7 expression in the zebrafish embryo could be interpreted as a ventral default setting of

4





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:652::negative


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3494&itool=AbstractPlus-nondef&uid=12682283&db=pubmed&url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=12682283








Regulation bmp2a positive tbx2b Bmp2 within the developing AVC and IC has been shown to induce Tbx2, and we found that Tbx2 misexpression inhibited the expression of both Hey1 and Hey2. 17021042:5
6





































urn:agi-Regulation:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:6909::positive


digtext:C:\Documents and Settings\yuh\Desktop\zebrafish GRN Literatures\Mercola-M-2006.pdf





url(C%3a%5cDocuments%20and%20Settings%5cyuh%5cDesktop%5czebrafish%20GRN%20Literatures%5cMercola-M-2006.pdf):pdf

Expression bmp2a positive hhex In vivo induction assays show that the ability of BMP2 to activate Hex expression in the endoderm is restricted to a region that is only slightly larger than the endogenous domain of Hex expression. 15063170:6
7




























Mus musculus






endoderm urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:3087::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=10531010&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960-9822(99)80485-0








Binding bmp2a neutral chd Chordin also binds BMP2, bmp4, and BMP7 in a way similar to noggin ( 20 ). 12702725:10220
8




























Mus musculus







urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:8646:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17255107&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17255107








Expression bmp2a positive nkx2.5 Inhibition of either SPARC or Bmp2 attenuated in both cases cardiomyogenesis and downregulated nkx2.5 expression. 16165126:5
8




























Mus musculus






mesoderm urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:1482::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3494&itool=AbstractPlus-nondef&uid=18000065&db=pubmed&url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=18000065








Expression bmp2a positive her15.1 In this paper, we show that BMP2 enhances Notch-induced transcriptional activation of Hes-5 and Hesr-1 in mouse neuroepithelial cells. 14500836:3
9




























Mus musculus







urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:256482::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=12351167&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925477302002526








Binding bmp2a neutral fsta We provide data which show that Follistatin binds BMP-7 and BMP-2 at low affinities and that the binding is reversible. 11846481:5
10




























Mus musculus






muscle urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:inout-urn:agi-llid:10468:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=9882485&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012-1606(98)99003-0








Expression bmp2a positive msxd Interestingly the expression of Msx2 was induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 treatment in Runx2-deficient mesenchymal cells. 15175325:5
12




























Mus musculus






mesenchyma urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:out-urn:agi-llid:4488::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=14551209&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14551209








Binding bmp2a neutral nog1 Noggin binds to BMP-2/4 with high affinity, and prevents binding to cell surface receptors. 10657699:2
15




























Mus musculus



Entrez Gene


urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:9241:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=9450925&db=pubmed&url=http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9450925








Binding bmp2a neutral bmp4 This synergy is best explained by formation of BMP2/7 and 4/7 heterodimers. 15759283:7
19




























Mus musculus






mesoderm urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:inout-urn:agi-llid:650: Bauer,H.;Meier,A.;Hild,M.;Stachel,S.;Economides,A.;Hazelett,D.;Harland,R.M.;Hammerschmidt,M. 0012-1606 2 pmquery:(Zebrafish[all+fields]+or+"Danio+rerio"[all+fields]+or+"Zebra+fish"[all+fields])1998/01/01:1999/12/31[edat] Dev Biol 488-507 Dec 1998

url(http%3a//dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/126/23/5327.pdf):pdf Follistatin and noggin are excluded from the zebrafish organizer. 204
Binding bmp2a neutral bmp4 This synergy is best explained by formation of BMP2/7 and 4/7 heterodimers. 15759283:7
19




























Mus musculus






mesoderm urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:inout-urn:agi-llid:650: Bauer,H.;Meier,A.;Hild,M.;Stachel,S.;Economides,A.;Hazelett,D.;Harland,R.M.;Hammerschmidt,M. 0012-1606 2 pmquery:(Zebrafish[all+fields]+or+"Danio+rerio"[all+fields]+or+"Zebra+fish"[all+fields])1998/01/01:1999/12/31[edat] Dev Biol 488-507 Dec 1998

url(http%3a//dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/126/23/5327.pdf):pdf Follistatin and noggin are excluded from the zebrafish organizer. 204
Binding bmp2a neutral bmp7 This synergy is best explained by formation of BMP2/7 and 4/7 heterodimers. 15759283:7
22




























Mus musculus






bone urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:655:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:


digtext:http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/127/2/343.pdf





url(http%3a//dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/127/2/343.pdf):pdf

Binding bmp2a neutral bmp7 This synergy is best explained by formation of BMP2/7 and 4/7 heterodimers. 15759283:7
22




























Mus musculus






bone urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:655:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:


digtext:http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/127/2/343.pdf





url(http%3a//dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/127/2/343.pdf):pdf

Binding bmp2a neutral bmpr1a To determine whether the effect of HGF occurs through known mediators which act downstream of the BMP-2/ALK3 complex, we examined the effect of HGF on BMP-2-induced Smad1 phosphorylation, Smad1/Smad4 complex formation, and Smad1 nuclear translocation. 10633078:5
23




























Mus musculus



Entrez Gene

tubule urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:657:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17483092&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17483092








Binding bmp2a neutral bmpr1a To determine whether the effect of HGF occurs through known mediators which act downstream of the BMP-2/ALK3 complex, we examined the effect of HGF on BMP-2-induced Smad1 phosphorylation, Smad1/Smad4 complex formation, and Smad1 nuclear translocation. 10633078:5
23




























Mus musculus



Entrez Gene

tubule urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:657:inout-urn:agi-llid:650:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17483092&db=pubmed&url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17483092








Expression bmp2a positive gata4 Via bead implantations, the Bmp gradient determines the direction of lateral mesodermal cell migration during dorsal convergence in the zebrafish gastrula. mutant embryos 30 liver progenitors liver 1 Didier Y. R. Stainier Development 2007














































Expression bmp2a negative ndr1 In embryos in which Bmp signaling was blocked at 18 hpf, gata4 and gata6 expression was greatly reduced in the liver region at 29-30 hpf. overexpression 8 margin margin 2 Hammerschmidt, M. Curr Biol 2007














































Expression bmp2a negative acvr1b overexpression of BMPs compromises endoderm formation, formation of endoderm precursors is negatively regulated by BMPs on the ventral side. overexpression 5.25 mesendoderm blastoderm 2 Thierry Lepage Development 2006














































Expression bmp2b positive nkx2.5 At the end of gastrulation, ventral expression of vega2, as that of vega1, was only partly decreased in swr mutant embryos. mutant embryos 14 cardiovascular system heart primordium 1 Didier Y. R. Stainier Developmental Biology 2001














































Expression bmp2b positive gata5 prdm1 expression is eliminated at the neural plate border in Bmp2b, expanded in Smad5 and reduced in BMP7 mutant embryos. mutant embryos 8 endoderm endoderm 1 Didier Y. R. Stainier Developmental Biology 2001














































Expression bmp2b positive ved At the end of gastrulation, ventral expression of vega2, as that of vega1, was only partly decreased in swr mutant embryos. mutant embryos 8 epiblast ectoderm 2 Hirano, T. Mechanisms of Development 2002














































Expression bmp2b positive gata4 Bmp2b (hence zygotic BMP) are required to maintain vox levels during gastrulation. mutant embryos 30 liver progenitors liver 1 Didier Y. R. Stainier Development 2007














































Expression bmp2b positive bmp2b In wild-type embryos at 80% epiboly (8.3 hpf), gata5 is expressed in large, flat endodermal cells predominantly on the dorsal side and smaller, rounder mesodermal cells on the ventral side . Swr/bmp2b mutants lack ventral, mesodermal expression of gata5. mutant embryos 6 margin margin 1 Matthias Hammerschmidt Development 1999














































Expression bmp2b positive bmp4 At the end of gastrulation, bmp4 expression at the ventral side was completely abolished in swr mutant embryos. mutant embryos 5.25 margin margin 1 Igor B. Dawid genesis 2000














































Expression bmp2b positive eve1 In swirl/bmp2b dorsalized mutant embryos, ttl1 expression is reduced at bud and later stages. overexpression 8 margin margin 2 Matthias Hammerschmidt Developmental Dynamics 1999














































Expression bmp2b negative ndr1 Ved expression domain expanded to the dorsal margin in bmp2b RNA-injected embryos at the 80% epiboly stage. overexpression 8 margin margin 2 Hammerschmidt, M. Curr Biol 2007














































Expression bmp2b positive vent bmp2b-injected embryos show a significant increase of eve1 mRNA levels. mutant embryos 5.25 margin margin 1 Igor B. Dawid genesis 2000














































Expression bmp2b negative vox Both bmp2b- and bmp4-injected embryos show a significant increase of eve1 mRNA levels. mutant embryos 5.25 margin margin 1 Igor B. Dawid genesis 2000














































Expression bmp2b positive bmp2b In wild-type embryos at 80% epiboly (8.3 hpf), gata5 is expressed in large, flat endodermal cells predominantly on the dorsal side and smaller, rounder mesodermal cells on the ventral side . Swr/bmp2b mutants lack ventral, mesodermal expression of gata5. mutant embryos 6 margin margin 1 Matthias Hammerschmidt Development 1999














































Expression bmp2b positive bmp4 At the end of gastrulation, bmp4 expression at the ventral side was completely abolished in swr mutant embryos. mutant embryos 5.25 margin margin 1 Igor B. Dawid genesis 2000














































Expression bmp2b negative acvr1b We never found a homozygous laftm110b embryo that had a wild-type or ventralized phenotype, consistent with the Laf/Alk8 receptor functioning downstream of the Bmp2b. overexpression 5.25 mesendoderm blastoderm 2 Thierry Lepage Development 2006














































Expression bmp2b negative tbx24 ved expression is down-regulated at late blastula stage in bmp2b signaling mutants. overexpression 8 mesoderm mesoderm 2 Hammerschmidt, M. Curr. Biol. 2007














































Expression bmp2b positive prdm1a At the end of gastrulation, ventral expression of vega2, as that of vega1, was only partly decreased in swr mutant embryos. mutant embryos 11.66 neural plate border neural plate border 1 Kristin Bruk Artinger Developmental Biology 2005














































Expression bmp2b positive tbx2b Bmp2b (hence zygotic BMP) are required to maintain vox levels during gastrulation. dominant negative 16 proctodeal and ventral yolk diencephalon 1 Kimelman, D. Development 2006














































Expression bmp2b positive alk8 Laf/Alk8 as a type I BMP receptor required for the specification of ventral cell fates. mutant embryos 4.66 ventral mesoderm hypoblast 1 Mary C. Mullins Development 2001














































Expression bmp4 positive chd The injection of BMP-4 or pCSKAXwnt-8 leads to an inhibition in the expression of chordin (Fig. 7E,F).

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:8646::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=11025206&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925477300004123








Regulation bmp4 positive dcp1a Coimmunoprecipitation experiments identified the formation of a complex between SMIF and Smad4, which is enhanced by TGF? or bmp4 treatment (Fig. 2d).

1





































urn:agi-Regulation:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:55802::positive


digtext:http://ad.doubleclick.net/adi/cellbio.nature.com/curr_back;pos=right;lg=no;;sz=120x600;ord=1217141592288?








Expression bmp4 neutral dlx2a As epithelial Dlx2 expression in the mandibular arch appaears to be partially regulated by bmp4 (Thomas et al., 2000), we also examined bmp4 expression.

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:1746::unknown


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=15306564&db=pubmed&url=http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15306564








Expression bmp4 neutral gata2 Mutations that abolish this binding also block BMP-4 mediated induction of the gata2 promoter.

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:2624::unknown


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3494&itool=AbstractPlus-nondef&uid=16061939&db=pubmed&url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=16061939








Regulation bmp4 negative myf5 bmp4 is a potent antagonist of Shh-mediated Myf5 and MyoD activation in epaxial progenitors, and in the absence of bmp4 signaling, Myf5 and MyoD are expressed ectopically throughout the dermomyotome (Pourquie et al. 1996).

1





































urn:agi-Regulation:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:4617::negative


digtext:http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.18.012502.105758








Expression bmp4 positive myf5 Our experiments indicate that, in the chick embryo, expression of the MyoD and myf5genes is also controlled by the same bmp4/Noggin patterningsystem but at a much later stage of development, i.e. after so-mitogenesis.

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:4617::positive


digtext:http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/124/22/4605.pdf





url(http%3a//dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/124/22/4605.pdf):pdf

Regulation bmp4 negative myod1 bmp4 is a potent antagonist of Shh-mediated Myf5 and MyoD activation in epaxial progenitors, and in the absence of bmp4 signaling, Myf5 and MyoD are expressed ectopically throughout the dermomyotome (Pourquie et al. 1996).

1





































urn:agi-Regulation:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:4654::negative


digtext:http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.18.012502.105758








Expression bmp4 neutral myod1 It has been shown that embryonic expression of Xenopus MyoD or Myf5 requires a specific level of BMP signaling (Re'em-Kalma et al. 1995; Dosch et al. 1997), which is regulated by BMP2, bmp4, and BMP7 expressed in ventral regions of the embryo, and BMP ant

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:4654::unknown


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=9450925&db=pubmed&url=http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9450925








Expression bmp4 positive myod1 Our experiments indicate that, in the chick embryo, expression of the MyoD and myf5genes is also controlled by the same bmp4/Noggin patterningsystem but at a much later stage of development, i.e. after so-mitogenesis.

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:4654::positive


digtext:http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/124/22/4605.pdf





url(http%3a//dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/124/22/4605.pdf):pdf

Expression bmp4 positive nkx3.2 bmp4 beads placed proximally lead to complete lossof Bapx1 expression.

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:579::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=14729484&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012160603006481








Expression bmp4 negative nkx3.2 In our mandible experiments, bmp4 was found to inhibit mesenchymal Bapx1 expression; thus, the signals that regulate Bapx1 expression appaear to have different roles in different tissues.

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:579::negative


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=14729484&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012160603006481








Expression bmp4 positive pax3 Because Pax3 is expressed in both the neural tube and the paraxial mesoderm, to evaluate whether bmp4 administration affects the expression of Pax3 in somitic cells in response to signals from the axial tissues, we combined quail axial tissues with chick

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:5077::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=9450925&db=pubmed&url=http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9450925








Expression bmp4 negative pax3 These findings indicate that bmp4 signals can block somitic myogenesis in response to signals from the axial tissues downstream of somitic Pax3 gene expression.

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:5077::negative


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=9450925&db=pubmed&url=http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9450925








Expression bmp4 positive ptprf Under these conditions, bmp4 addition induces the generation of a lar ge number of catecholaminer gic cells.

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:5792::positive


digtext:http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/127/18/4073.pdf





url(http%3a//dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/127/18/4073.pdf):pdf

Regulation bmp4 positive sim1 Lateral plate derived bmp4 specifies the lateral somitic compartment resulting in sim1 activation and the inhibition of the onset of myogenesis.

1





































urn:agi-Regulation:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:6492::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=9722173&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0303-7207(98)00033-1








Expression bmp4 neutral smad7 In addition to overexpression we also present genetic evidence that smad7 expression is dependent on BMP2b signaling.

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:4092::unknown


digtext:http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/blank.html








Expression bmp4 positive tbx6 Wnt8 and Bmp2b are required for tbx6 expression.

1





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:6911::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=15240553&db=pubmed&url=http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15240553








Regulation bmp4 unknown bmp2a In the canals, Bmp2 and Dlx5 are regulated by bmp4, either directly or indirectly.

2





































urn:agi-Regulation:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:650::unknown


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3494&itool=AbstractPlus-nondef&uid=18404215&db=pubmed&url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=18404215








Expression bmp4 positive bmp5 BMP5 and bmp4 also appaear to up-regulate BMP5 expression in the dorsal forebrain. 10051661:10184
2





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:653::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3494&itool=AbstractPlus-nondef&uid=10051661&db=pubmed&url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=10051661








Regulation bmp4 unknown dlx2b In the canals, Bmp2 and Dlx5 are regulated by bmp4, either directly or indirectly.

2





































urn:agi-Regulation:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:1749::unknown


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3494&itool=AbstractPlus-nondef&uid=18404215&db=pubmed&url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=18404215








Expression bmp4 positive fgf8a The strongest expression of bmp4 being on the right side, which in turn positively regulates fgf8a expression and prevents initiation of Nodal expression in the right LPM (Roderiguez Esteban et al., 1999 and Yokouchi et al., 1999).

2





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:2253::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17395172&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012-1606(07)00179-0








Binding bmp4 neutral lft1 In addition, overexpression studies in Xenopus embryos revealed a strong interaction between bmp4 and Lefty1 during LR patterning (Branford et al., 2000).

2





































urn:agi-Binding:inout-urn:agi-llid:7044:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17395172&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012-1606(07)00179-0








Expression bmp4 positive lft2 Our results with the knock down of bmp4 (Fig. 6) demonstrate that the left-sided bmp4 expression in the LPM is required for lefty1 and lefty2 expression and cardiac jogging.

2





































urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:10637::positive


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3048&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=17395172&db=pubmed&url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012-1606(07)00179-0








Expression bmp4 neutral myf5 It has been shown that embryonic expression of Xenopus MyoD or Myf5 requires a specific level of BMP signaling (Re'em-Kalma et al. 1995 ; Dosch et al. 1997 ), which is regulated by BMP2, bmp4, and BMP7 expressed in ventral regions of the embryo, and BMP a 9450925:10031
2




























Mus musculus







urn:agi-Expression:inout-urn:agi-llid:652:out-urn:agi-llid:4617::unknown


digtext:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?PrId=3051&itool=AbstractPlus-def&uid=9450925&db=pubmed&url=http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9450925